The comparison most calculators get wrong is the deposit. Money used for a down payment would have been invested if you rented, and over a decade that opportunity cost is often larger than the mortgage interest. This models both paths to a net worth figure and shows the year, if any, at which buying pulls ahead.
Because the deposit, the purchase costs and every franc of ownership premium would otherwise be invested. At a 6% return a 100,000 deposit becomes about 180,000 over ten years. Add transaction costs of roughly 2% to buy and 6% to sell, and ownership needs meaningful appreciation before it catches up.
The first year in which the owner's net worth passes the renter's and stays ahead. Below it, renting left you better off. It is typically five to ten years, which is why buying for a short stay rarely works out.
Two, and they pull against each other: the rate the home appreciates and the return the renter earns on invested money. Small changes in either move the break-even year by years. Try the extremes rather than trusting one central estimate.